Logging, recovery and replay of wagering game instances

ABSTRACT

A gaming device may be configured for receiving, via a user interface, user input corresponding to a request for play of a gambling game and for determining whether the gambling game is a base game or a sub game. Upon determining that the gambling game is a sub game, the gaming device may be configured for controlling a display system to provide a sequence of images corresponding to an instance of the sub game, for determining sub game data and sub game metadata corresponding to the instance of the sub game, for adding a sub game trace to a game history data structure corresponding to the sub game data and the sub game metadata and for adding a game round index marker to the game history data structure corresponding to the instance of the sub game.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/575,266 (Attorney Docket No. ARISP027BUS/P06104USU1), filed on Sep.18, 2019, and entitled “LOGGING, RECOVERY AND REPLAY OF WAGERING GAMEINSTANCES” which is hereby incorporated by reference. This applicationis related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/575,261 (AttorneyDocket No. ARISP027AUS/P05868USU1), filed on Sep. 18, 2019, entitled“LOGGING, RECOVERY AND REPLAY OF WAGERING GAME INSTANCES,” which ishereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

Electronic gaming machines (“EGMs”) or gaming devices provide a varietyof wagering games such as slot games, video poker games, video blackjackgames, roulette games, video bingo games, keno games and other types ofgames that are frequently offered at casinos and other locations. Playon EGMs typically involves a player establishing a credit balance byinputting money, or another form of monetary credit, and placing amonetary wager (from the credit balance) on one or more outcomes of aninstance (or single play) of a primary or base game. In many games, aplayer may qualify for secondary games or bonus rounds by attaining acertain winning combination or triggering event in the base game.Secondary games provide an opportunity to win additional game instances,credits, awards, jackpots, progressives, etc. Awards from any winningoutcomes are typically added back to the credit balance and can beprovided to the player upon completion of a gaming session or when theplayer wants to “cash out.”

“Slot” type games are often displayed to the player in the form ofvarious symbols arrayed in a row-by-column grid or matrix. Specificmatching combinations of symbols along predetermined paths (or paylines)through the matrix indicate the outcome of the game. The displaytypically highlights winning combinations/outcomes for readyidentification by the player. Matching combinations and theircorresponding awards are usually shown in a “pay-table” which isavailable to the player for reference. Often, the player may varyhis/her wager to include differing numbers of paylines and/or the amountbet on each line. By varying the wager, the player may sometimes alterthe frequency or number of winning combinations, frequency or number ofsecondary games, and/or the amount awarded.

Typical games use a random number generator (RNG) to randomly determinethe outcome of each game. The game is designed to return a certainpercentage of the amount wagered back to the player (RTP=return toplayer) over the course of many plays or instances of the game. The RTPand randomness of the RNG are critical to ensuring the fairness of thegames and are therefore highly regulated. Upon initiation of play, theRNG randomly determines a game outcome and symbols are then selectedwhich correspond to that outcome. Notably, some games may include anelement of skill on the part of the player and are therefore notentirely random.

SUMMARY

At least some aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented viaapparatus. For example, one or more devices may be configured forperforming, at least in part, the methods disclosed herein. In someimplementations, the apparatus may be a gaming device. The gaming devicemay include a display system that includes one or more displays, aninterface system including one or more user interfaces and a controlsystem that includes one or more processors.

The interface system may include one or more network interfaces, one ormore interfaces between the control system and a memory system, one ormore interfaces between the control system and another device, one ormore external device interfaces and/or one or more user interfaces. Thecontrol system may include at least one of a general purpose single- ormulti-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array(FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistorlogic, or discrete hardware components. Accordingly, in someimplementations the control system may include one or more processorsand one or more non-transitory storage media operatively coupled to theone or more processors.

The control system may, for example, be configured for receiving, viathe user interface, user input corresponding to a request for replay ofa gambling game. The request may include a game round indicationpertaining to an individual free game from within a feature game thatmay include a plurality of free games. The control system may beconfigured for querying a game history data structure. The controlsystem may be configured for retrieving game round metadatacorresponding to the individual free game. The control system may beconfigured for controlling a display to provide a sequence of imagescorresponding to the game round metadata.

In some examples, the game round indication may include a base gameindication and a feature game indication. According to someimplementations, the sequence of images may correspond to a replay ofthe individual free game. In some instances, the game history datastructure may include game round metadata and game round index markers.The game round index markers may include free game index markers forindividual free games of the plurality of free games. Querying the gamehistory data structure may involve searching for a free game indexmarker corresponding to the individual free game.

According to some implementations, the gaming device may be anelectronic gaming machine or a mobile gaming device configured fordeployment in a casino. In some such implementations, the gaming devicemay be a video lottery terminal (VLT). However, in some examples thegaming device may be an end user device that may be configured foronline gaming. In some instances, the apparatus is not a gaming device.

In some implementations, the apparatus may include the display thatprovides the sequence of images corresponding to the game roundmetadata. However, in some instances the apparatus may control anotherdevice that includes the display that provides the sequence of imagescorresponding to the game round metadata. For example, in some instancesan end user device may control a display of another device, such as adisplay of a gaming device, to provide the sequence of imagescorresponding to the game round metadata.

At least some aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented viamethods. For example, a method may involve receiving user inputcorresponding to a request for replay of a gambling game. The user inputmay, for example, be received by a control system via a user interface.The request may include a game round indication pertaining to anindividual free game from within a feature game that includes aplurality of free games. The method may involve querying (e.g., by thecontrol system) a game history data structure. The method may involveretrieving (e.g., by the control system) game round metadatacorresponding to the individual free game. The method may involvecontrolling (e.g., by the control system) a display to provide asequence of images corresponding to the game round metadata.

In some examples, the game round indication may include a base gameindication and a feature game indication. In some instances, thesequence of images may correspond to a replay of the individual freegame.

According to some implementations, the game history data structure mayinclude game round metadata and game round index markers. The game roundindex markers may, for example, include free game index markers forindividual free games of the plurality of free games. Querying the gamehistory data structure may involve searching for a free game indexmarker corresponding to the individual free game.

Some or all of the methods described herein may be performed by one ormore devices according to instructions (e.g., software) stored on one ormore non-transitory media. Such non-transitory media may include memorydevices such as those described herein, including but not limited torandom access memory (RAM) devices, read-only memory (ROM) devices, etc.Accordingly, various innovative aspects of the subject matter describedin this disclosure can be implemented in one or more non-transitorymedia having software stored thereon. The software may, for example, beexecutable by one or more components of a control system such as thosedisclosed herein. The software may, for example, include instructionsfor performing one or more of the methods disclosed herein.

Additional aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented viaapparatus. For example, one or more devices may be may be configured forperforming, at least in part, the methods disclosed herein. In someimplementations, the apparatus may be a gaming device. The gaming devicemay include a display system that includes one or more display devices,an interface system including one or more user interfaces, a memorysystem and a control system that includes one or more processors. Thememory system may be configured for storing a game history datastructure. The control system may be configured for receiving, via theuser interface, user input corresponding to a request for play of agambling game and for determining whether the gambling game is a basegame or a sub game.

Upon determining that the gambling game is a base game, the controlsystem may be configured for controlling the display system to provide asequence of images corresponding to an instance of the base game, fordetermining base game data and base game metadata corresponding to theinstance of the base game and for adding a base game trace to the gamehistory data structure corresponding to the base game data and the basegame metadata.

Upon determining that the gambling game is a sub game, the controlsystem may be configured for controlling the display system to provide asequence of images corresponding to an instance of the sub game, fordetermining sub game data and sub game metadata corresponding to theinstance of the sub game, for adding a sub game trace to the gamehistory data structure corresponding to the sub game data and the subgame metadata, and for adding a game round index marker to the gamehistory data structure corresponding to the instance of the sub game.According to some examples, the game round index marker may include arender state field indicating that a game instance should render to adisplay.

In some examples, the sub game may be a feature game. In some suchexamples, the feature game may be a free game. According to some suchexamples, the game round index marker may be an index to a particularfree game instance.

According to some implementations, the base game data and the base gamemetadata may include sufficient information to provide a replay of theinstance of the base game. In some such implementations, the sub gamedata and the sub game metadata may include sufficient information toprovide a replay of the instance of the sub game. In some instances, thebase game metadata may include RNG data, starting credits data, creditswagered data, credits won data, ending credits data, slot symbol dataand/or other game outcome presentation data.

Additional methods disclosed herein may be performed by one or moredevices according to instructions (e.g., software) stored on one or morenon-transitory media. Such non-transitory media may include memorydevices such as those described herein, including but not limited torandom access memory (RAM) devices, read-only memory (ROM) devices, etc.Accordingly, various innovative aspects of the subject matter describedin this disclosure can be implemented in one or more non-transitorymedia having software stored thereon. The software may, for example, beexecutable by one or more components of a control system such as thosedisclosed herein.

The software may, for example, include instructions for performing amethod of recording gambling game events for replay. The method mayinvolve receiving, via a user interface, user input corresponding to arequest for play of a gambling game and determining, via a controlsystem that includes at least one processor, whether the gambling gameis a base game or a sub game.

Upon determining that the gambling game is a base game, the method mayinvolve controlling, via the control system, the display system toprovide a sequence of images corresponding to an instance of the basegame, determining, via the control system, base game data and base gamemetadata corresponding to the instance of the base game and adding, viathe control system, a base game trace to a game history data structurecorresponding to the base game data and the base game metadata.

Upon determining that the gambling game is a sub game, the method mayinvolve controlling, via the control system, the display system toprovide a sequence of images corresponding to an instance of the subgame, determining, via the control system, sub game data and sub gamemetadata corresponding to the instance of the sub game, adding, via thecontrol system, a sub game trace to the game history data structurecorresponding to the sub game data and the sub game metadata, andadding, via the control system, a game round index marker to the gamehistory data structure corresponding to the instance of the sub game.According to some examples, the game round index marker may include arender state field indicating that a game instance should render to adisplay.

In some examples, the sub game may be a feature game. In some suchexamples, the feature game may be a free game. According to some suchexamples, the game round index marker may be an index to a particularfree game instance.

According to some implementations, the base game data and the base gamemetadata may include sufficient information to provide a replay of theinstance of the base game. In some such implementations, the sub gamedata and the sub game metadata may include sufficient information toprovide a replay of the instance of the sub game. In some instances, thebase game metadata may include RNG data, starting credits data, creditswagered data, credits won data, ending credits data, slot symbol dataand/or other game outcome presentation data.

Additional aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented via amethod of recording gambling game events for replay. The method mayinvolve receiving, via a user interface, user input corresponding to arequest for play of a gambling game and determining, via a controlsystem that includes at least one processor, whether the gambling gameis a base game or a sub game.

Upon determining that the gambling game is a base game, the method mayinvolve controlling, via the control system, the display system toprovide a sequence of images corresponding to an instance of the basegame, determining, via the control system, base game data and base gamemetadata corresponding to the instance of the base game and adding, viathe control system, a base game trace to a game history data structurecorresponding to the base game data and the base game metadata.

Upon determining that the gambling game is a sub game, the method mayinvolve controlling, via the control system, the display system toprovide a sequence of images corresponding to an instance of the subgame, determining, via the control system, sub game data and sub gamemetadata corresponding to the instance of the sub game, adding, via thecontrol system, a sub game trace to the game history data structurecorresponding to the sub game data and the sub game metadata, andadding, via the control system, a game round index marker to the gamehistory data structure corresponding to the instance of the sub game.According to some examples, the game round index marker may include arender state field indicating that a game instance should render to adisplay.

In some examples, the sub game may be a feature game. In some suchexamples, the feature game may be a free game. According to some suchexamples, the game round index marker may be an index to a particularfree game instance.

According to some implementations, the base game data and the base gamemetadata may include sufficient information to provide a replay of theinstance of the base game. In some such implementations, the sub gamedata and the sub game metadata may include sufficient information toprovide a replay of the instance of the sub game. In some instances, thebase game metadata may include RNG data, starting credits data, creditswagered data, credits won data, ending credits data, slot symbol dataand/or other game outcome presentation data.

Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter describedin this specification are set forth in the accompanying drawings and thedescription below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will becomeapparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note thatthe relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn toscale. Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawingsgenerally indicate like elements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing examples of several EGMs networked withvarious gaming related servers.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing examples of various functionalelements of an EGM.

FIG. 3 depicts a casino gaming environment according to one example.

FIG. 4 is a diagram that shows examples of components of a system forproviding online gaming according to some aspects of the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram that shows blocks of an apparatus according toone example.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram that shows blocks of a method according to oneexample.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a graphical user interface (GUI) that may beused to access game history.

FIG. 8 shows an example of an image that may be displayed as part of areplay of a wagering game instance.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a game history data structure.

FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C show an example of a decoded version of the gamehistory data structure shown in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram that shows blocks of a method according toanother example.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates several different models of EGMs which may benetworked to various gaming related servers. The present invention canbe configured to work as a system 100 in a gaming environment includingone or more server computers 102 (e.g., slot servers of a casino) thatare in communication, via a communications network, with one or moregaming devices 104A-104X (EGMs, slots, video poker, bingo machines,etc.). The gaming devices 104A-104X may alternatively be portable and/orremote gaming devices. Some examples are described below.

Communication between the gaming devices 104A-104X and the servercomputers 102, and among the gaming devices 104A-104X, may be direct orindirect, such as over the Internet through a website maintained by acomputer on a remote server or over an online data network includingcommercial online service providers, Internet service providers, privatenetworks, and the like. In other embodiments, the gaming devices104A-104X may communicate with one another and/or the server computers102 over RF, cable TV, satellite links and the like.

In some embodiments, server computers 102 may not be necessary and/orpreferred. For example, the present invention may, in one or moreembodiments, be practiced on a stand-alone gaming device such as gamingdevice 104A, gaming device 1048 or any of the other gaming devices104C-104X. However, it is typical to find multiple EGMs connected tonetworks implemented with one or more of the different server computers102 described herein.

Moreover, in some implementations at least some of the EGMs may be“thin-client” or “thick-client” EGMs that are not configured forstand-alone determination of game outcomes, etc. Such client EGMs may beconfigured for communication with one or more of the different servercomputers 102 described herein, including but not limited to the centraldetermination gaming system server 106. Some such client EGMs may, forexample, be configured to accept tickets and/or cash (e.g., via a billvalidator that also functions as a ticket reader) to load credits ontothe client EGM, a “ticket-out” printer for outputting a credit ticketwhen a cash out button is pressed, a player tracking card reader, etc.Some client EGMs may include a transceiver for wireless communicationwith a player's mobile device, (e.g., for communication with a player'ssmartphone, tablet and/or mobile gaming device) a keypad 146, and/or anilluminated display 148 for reading, receiving, entering, and/ordisplaying player tracking information. A client EGM may include adisplay system, an audio system, etc., for presenting attract sequences,game presentations, etc. The game presentations may include gameoutcomes determined by another device, such as the central determinationgaming system server 106.

The server computers 102 may include a central determination gamingsystem server 106, a Class II bingo server (not shown), aticket-in-ticket-out (TITO) system server 108, a player tracking systemserver 110, a progressive system server 112, and/or a casino managementsystem server 114. Gaming devices 104A-104X may include features toenable operation of any or all servers for use by the player and/oroperator (e.g., the casino, resort, gaming establishment, tavern, pub,etc.). For example, game outcomes may be generated on a centraldetermination gaming system server 106 and then transmitted over thenetwork to any of a group of remote terminals or remote gaming devices104A-104X that utilize the game outcomes and display the results to theplayers.

Gaming device 104A is often of a cabinet construction which may bealigned in rows or banks of similar devices for placement and operationon a casino floor. The gaming device 104A often includes a main door 117which provides access to the interior of the cabinet. Gaming device 104Atypically includes a button area or button deck 120 accessible by aplayer that is configured with input switches or buttons 122, an accesschannel for a bill validator 124, and/or an access channel for a ticketprinter 126.

In FIG. 1, gaming device 104A is shown as a Relm XL™ model gaming devicemanufactured by Aristocrat® Technologies, Inc. As shown, gaming device104A is a reel machine having a gaming display area 118 comprising anumber (typically 3 or 5) of mechanical reels 130 with various symbolsdisplayed on them. The reels 130 are independently spun and stopped toshow a set of symbols within the gaming display area 118 which may beused to present or determine an outcome to the game.

In many configurations, the gaming machine 104A may have a main display128 (e.g., video display monitor) mounted to, or above, the gamingdisplay area 118. The main display 128 can be a high-resolution LCD,plasma, LED, or OLED panel which may be flat or curved as shown, acathode ray tube, or other conventional electronically controlled videomonitor. The main display 128 may be a touchscreen display.

In some embodiments, the bill validator 124 may also function as a“ticket-in” reader that allows the player to use a casino issued creditticket to load credits onto the gaming device 104A (e.g., in a cashlessticket (“TITO”) system). In such cashless embodiments, the gaming device104A may also include a “ticket-out” printer 126 for outputting a creditticket when a “cash out” button is pressed. Cashless TITO systems arewell known in the art and are used to generate and track uniquebar-codes or other indicators printed on tickets to allow players toavoid the use of bills and coins by loading credits using a ticketreader and cashing out credits using a ticket-out printer 126 on thegaming device 104A.

In some embodiments, a player tracking card reader 144, a transceiverfor wireless communication with a player's smartphone, a keypad 146,and/or an illuminated display 148 for reading, receiving, entering,and/or displaying player tracking information is provided in EGM 104A.In such embodiments, a game controller within the gaming device 104A cancommunicate with the player tracking system server 110 to send andreceive player tracking information.

Gaming device 104A may also include a bonus topper wheel 134. When bonusplay is triggered (e.g., by a player achieving a particular outcome orset of outcomes in the primary game), bonus topper wheel 134 isoperative to spin and stop with indicator arrow 136 indicating theoutcome of the bonus game. Bonus topper wheel 134 is typically used toplay a bonus game, but it could also be incorporated into play of thebase or primary game.

A candle 138 may be mounted on the top of gaming device 104A and may beactivated by a player (e.g., using a switch or one of buttons 122) toindicate to operations staff that gaming device 104A has experienced amalfunction or the player requires service. The candle 138 is also oftenused to indicate a jackpot has been won and to alert staff that a handpayout of an award may be needed.

There may also be one or more information panels 152 which may be aback-lit, silkscreened glass panel with lettering to indicate generalgame information including, for example, a game denomination (e.g.,$0.25 or $1), pay lines, pay tables, and/or various game relatedgraphics. In some embodiments, the information panel(s) 152 may beimplemented as an additional video display.

Gaming devices 104A have traditionally also included a handle 132typically mounted to the side of main cabinet 116 which may be used toinitiate game play.

Many or all the above described components can be controlled bycircuitry (e.g., a gaming controller) housed inside the main cabinet 116of the gaming device 104A, the details of which are shown in FIG. 2.

Note that not all gaming devices suitable for implementing embodimentsof the present invention necessarily include top wheels, top boxes,information panels, cashless ticket systems, and/or player trackingsystems. Further, some suitable gaming devices have only a single gamedisplay that includes only a mechanical set of reels and/or a videodisplay, while others are designed for bar counters or table tops andhave displays that face upwards.

An alternative example gaming device 104B illustrated in FIG. 1 is theArc™ model gaming device manufactured by Aristocrat® Technologies, Inc.Note that where possible, reference numerals identifying similarfeatures of the gaming device 104A embodiment are also identified in thegaming device 1048 embodiment using the same reference numbers. Gamingdevice 1048 does not include physical reels and instead shows game playfunctions on main display 128. An optional topper screen 140 may be usedas a secondary game display for bonus play, to show game features orattraction activities while a game is not in play, or any otherinformation or media desired by the game designer or operator. In someembodiments, topper screen 140 may also or alternatively be used todisplay progressive jackpot prizes available to a player during play ofgaming device 1048.

Example gaming device 104B includes a main cabinet 116 including a maindoor 117 which opens to provide access to the interior of the gamingdevice 1048. The main or service door 117 is typically used by servicepersonnel to refill the ticket-out printer 126 and collect bills andtickets inserted into the bill validator 124. The door 117 may also beaccessed to reset the machine, verify and/or upgrade the software, andfor general maintenance operations.

Another example gaming device 104C shown is the Helix™ model gamingdevice manufactured by Aristocrat® Technologies, Inc. Gaming device 104Cincludes a main display 128A that is in a landscape orientation.Although not illustrated by the front view provided, the landscapedisplay 128A may have a curvature radius from top to bottom, oralternatively from side to side. In some embodiments, display 128A is aflat panel display. Main display 128A is typically used for primary gameplay while secondary display 1288 is typically used for bonus game play,to show game features or attraction activities while the game is not inplay or any other information or media desired by the game designer oroperator.

Many different types of games, including mechanical slot games, videoslot games, video poker, video black jack, video pachinko, keno, bingo,and lottery, may be provided with or implemented within the depictedgaming devices 104A-104C and other similar gaming devices. Each gamingdevice may also be operable to provide many different games. Games maybe differentiated according to themes, sounds, graphics, type of game(e.g., slot game vs. card game vs. game with aspects of skill),denomination, number of paylines, maximum jackpot, progressive ornon-progressive, bonus games, and may be deployed for operation in ClassII or Class III, etc.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting examples of internal electroniccomponents of a gaming device 200 connected to various external systems.All or parts of the example gaming device 200 shown could be used toimplement any one of the example gaming devices 104A-X depicted inFIG. 1. The games available for play on the gaming device 200 arecontrolled by a game controller 202 that includes one or more processors204 and a game that may be stored as game software or a program 206 in amemory 208 coupled to the processor 204. The memory 208 may include oneor more mass storage devices or media that are housed within gamingdevice 200. Within the mass storage devices and/or memory 208, one ormore databases 210 may be provided for use by the program 206. A randomnumber generator (RNG) 212 that can be implemented in hardware and/orsoftware is typically used to generate random numbers that are used inthe operation of game play to ensure that game play outcomes are randomand meet regulations for a game of chance.

Alternatively, a game instance (i.e. a play or round of the game) may begenerated on a remote gaming device such as the central determinationgaming system server 106. The game instance may be communicated togaming device 200 via the network 214 and then displayed on gamingdevice 200. Gaming device 200 may execute game software, such as but notlimited to video streaming software that allows the game to be displayedon gaming device 200. When a game is stored on gaming device 200, it maybe loaded from a memory 208 (e.g., from a read only memory (ROM)) orfrom the central determination gaming system server 106 to memory 208.The memory 208 may include RAM, ROM or another form of storage mediathat stores instructions for execution by the processor 204.

The gaming device 200 may include a topper display 216 or another formof a top box (e.g., a topper wheel, a topper screen, etc.) which sitsabove main cabinet 218. The gaming cabinet 218 or topper display 216 mayalso house a number of other components which may be used to addfeatures to a game being played on gaming device 200, including speakers220, a ticket printer 222 which prints bar-coded tickets or other mediaor mechanisms for storing or indicating a player's credit value, aticket reader 224 which reads bar-coded tickets or other media ormechanisms for storing or indicating a player's credit value, and aplayer tracking interface 232. The player tracking interface 232 mayinclude a keypad 226 for entering information, a player tracking display228 for displaying information (e.g., an illuminated or video display),and a card reader 230 for receiving data and/or communicatinginformation to and from media or a device such as a smart phone enablingplayer tracking. Ticket printer 222 may be used to print tickets for aTITO system server 108. The gaming device 200 may further include a billvalidator 234, buttons 236 for player input, cabinet security sensors238 to detect unauthorized opening of the cabinet 218, a primary gamedisplay 240, and a secondary game display 242, each coupled to andoperable under the control of game controller 202.

Gaming device 200 may be connected over network 214 to player trackingsystem server 110. Player tracking system server 110 may be, forexample, an OASIS® system manufactured by Aristocrat® Technologies, Inc.Player tracking system server 110 is used to track play (e.g. amountwagered, games played, time of play and/or other quantitative orqualitative measures) for individual players so that an operator mayreward players in a loyalty program. The player may use the playertracking interface 232 to access his/her account information, activatefree play, and/or request various information. Player tracking orloyalty programs seek to reward players for their play and help buildbrand loyalty to the gaming establishment. The rewards typicallycorrespond to the player's level of patronage (e.g., to the player'splaying frequency and/or total amount of game plays at a given casino).Player tracking rewards may be complimentary and/or discounted meals,lodging, entertainment and/or additional play. Player trackinginformation may be combined with other information that is now readilyobtainable by a casino management system.

Gaming devices, such as gaming devices 104A-104X, 200, are highlyregulated to ensure fairness and, in many cases, gaming devices104A-104X, 200 are operable to award monetary awards (e.g., typicallydispensed in the form of a redeemable voucher). Therefore, to satisfysecurity and regulatory requirements in a gaming environment, hardwareand software architectures are implemented in gaming devices 104A-104X,200 that differ significantly from those of general-purpose computers.Adapting general purpose computers to function as gaming devices 200 isnot simple or straightforward because of: 1) the regulatory requirementsfor gaming devices 200, 2) the harsh environment in which gaming devices200 operate, 3) security requirements, 4) fault tolerance requirements,and 5) the requirement for additional special purpose componentryenabling functionality of an EGM. These differences require substantialengineering effort with respect to game design implementation, hardwarecomponents and software.

When a player wishes to play the gaming device 200, he/she can insertcash or a ticket voucher through a coin acceptor (not shown) or billvalidator 234 to establish a credit balance on the gaming machine. Thecredit balance is used by the player to place wagers on instances of thegame and to receive credit awards based on the outcome of winninginstances. The credit balance is decreased by the amount of each wagerand increased upon a win. The player can add additional credits to thebalance at any time. The player may also optionally insert a loyaltyclub card into the card reader 230. During the game, the player viewsthe game outcome on the game displays 240, 242. Other game and prizeinformation may also be displayed.

For each game instance, a player may make selections, which may affectplay of the game. For example, the player may vary the total amountwagered by selecting the amount bet per line and the number of linesplayed. In many games, the player is asked to initiate or select optionsduring course of game play (such as spinning a wheel to begin a bonusround or select various items during a feature game). The player maymake these selections using the player-input buttons 236, the primarygame display 240 which may be a touch screen, or using some other devicewhich enables a player to input information into the gaming device 200.

During certain game events, the gaming device 200 may display visual andauditory effects that can be perceived by the player. These effects addto the excitement of a game, which makes a player more likely to enjoythe playing experience. Auditory effects include various sounds that areprojected by the speakers 220. Visual effects include flashing lights,strobing lights or other patterns displayed from lights on the gamingdevice 200 or from lights behind the information panel 152 (FIG. 1).

In this example, the gaming device 200 is also configured forcommunication with a gaming signage system 250 via the network 214.Various examples of gaming signage systems 250 are provided herein.According to some examples, the gaming signage system 250 may beconfigured for communication with other elements of a gaming system viathe network 214, such as the central determination gaming system server106, the progressive system server 112, the player tracking systemserver 110 the casino management system server 114 and/or the TITOsystem server 108.

When the player is done, he/she cashes out the credit balance (typicallyby pressing a cash out button to receive a ticket from the ticketprinter 222). The ticket may be redeemed for money or inserted intoanother machine to establish a credit balance for play.

FIG. 3 depicts a casino gaming environment according to one example. Inthis example, the casino 300 includes banks 305 of EGMs 104. In thisexample, each bank 305 of EGMs 104 includes a corresponding gamingsignage system 310. According to this implementation, the casino 300also includes mobile gaming devices 315, which are also configured topresent wagering games in this example. The mobile gaming devices 315may, for example, include tablet devices, cellular phones, smart phonesand/or other handheld devices. In this example, the mobile gamingdevices 315 are configured for communication with one or more otherdevices in the casino 300, including but not limited to one or more ofthe server computers 102, via wireless access points 320.

According to some examples, the mobile gaming devices 315 may beconfigured for stand-alone determination of game outcomes. However, insome alternative implementations the mobile gaming devices 315 may beconfigured to receive game outcomes from another device, such as thecentral determination gaming system server 106, one of the EGMs 104,etc.

Some mobile gaming devices 315 may be configured to accept monetarycredits from a credit or debit card, via a wireless interface (e.g., viaa wireless payment app), via tickets, via a patron casino account, etc.However, some mobile gaming devices 315 may not be configured to acceptmonetary credits via a credit or debit card. Some mobile gaming devices315 may include a ticket reader and/or a ticket printer whereas somemobile gaming devices 315 may not, depending on the particularimplementation.

In some implementations, the casino 300 may include one or more kiosks325 that are configured to facilitate monetary transactions involvingthe mobile gaming devices 315, which may include cash out and/or cash intransactions. The kiosks 325 may be configured for wired and/or wirelesscommunication with the mobile gaming devices 315. The kiosks 325 may beconfigured to accept monetary credits from casino patrons 330 and/or todispense monetary credits to casino patrons 330 via cash, a credit ordebit card, via a wireless interface (e.g., via a wireless payment app),via tickets, etc. According to some examples, the kiosks 325 may beconfigured to accept monetary credits from a casino patron and toprovide a corresponding amount of monetary credits to a mobile gamingdevice 315 for wagering purposes, e.g., via a wireless link such as anear-field communications link. In some such examples, when a casinopatron 330 is ready to cash out, the casino patron 330 may select a cashout option provided by a mobile gaming device 315, which may include areal button or a virtual button (e.g., a button provided via a graphicaluser interface) in some instances. In some such examples, the mobilegaming device 315 may send a “cash out” signal to a kiosk 325 via awireless link in response to receiving a “cash out” indication from acasino patron. The kiosk 325 may provide monetary credits to the patron330 corresponding to the “cash out” signal, which may be in the form ofcash, a credit ticket, a credit transmitted to a financial accountcorresponding to the casino patron, etc.

In some implementations, a cash-in process and/or a cash-out process maybe facilitated by the TITO system server 108. For example, the TITOsystem server 108 may control, or at least authorize, ticket-in andticket-out transactions that involve a mobile gaming device 315 and/or akiosk 325.

Some mobile gaming devices 315 may be configured for receiving and/ortransmitting player loyalty information. For example, some mobile gamingdevices 315 may be configured for wireless communication with the playertracking system server 110. Some mobile gaming devices 315 may beconfigured for receiving and/or transmitting player loyalty informationvia wireless communication with a patron's player loyalty card, apatron's smartphone, etc.

According to some implementations, a mobile gaming device 315 may beconfigured to provide safeguards that prevent the mobile gaming device315 from being used by an unauthorized person. For example, some mobilegaming devices 315 may include one or more biometric sensors and may beconfigured to receive input via the biometric sensor(s) to verify theidentity of an authorized patron. Some mobile gaming devices 315 may beconfigured to function only within a predetermined or configurable area,such as a casino gaming area.

FIG. 4 is a diagram that shows examples of components of a system forproviding online gaming according to some aspects of the presentdisclosure. As with other figures presented in this disclosure, thenumbers, types and arrangements of gaming devices shown in FIG. 4 aremerely shown by way of example. In this example, various gaming devices,including but not limited to end user devices (EUDs) 400 a, 400 b and400 c are capable of communication via one or more networks 417. Thenetworks 417 may, for example, include one or more cellular telephonenetworks, the Internet, etc. In this example, the EUDs 400 a and 400 bare mobile devices: according to this example the EUD 400 a is a tabletdevice and the EUD 400 b is a smart phone. In this implementation, theEUD 400 c is a laptop computer that is located within a residence 405 atthe time depicted in FIG. 4. Accordingly, in this example the hardwareof EUDs is not specifically configured for online gaming, although eachEUD is configured with software for online gaming. For example, each EUDmay be configured with a web browser. Other implementations may includeother types of EUD, some of which may be specifically configured foronline gaming.

In this example, a gaming data center 445 includes various devices thatare configured to provide online wagering games via the networks 417.The gaming data center 445 is capable of communication with the networks417 via the gateway 425. In this example, switches 450 and routers 455are configured to provide network connectivity for devices of the gamingdata center 445, including storage devices 460 a, servers 465 a and oneor more workstations 570 a. The servers 465 a may, for example, beconfigured to provide access to a library of games for online game play.In some examples, code for executing at least some of the games mayinitially be stored on one or more of the storage devices 460 a. Thecode may be subsequently loaded onto a server 465 a after selection by aplayer via an EUD and communication of that selection from the EUD viathe networks 417. The server 465 a onto which code for the selected gamehas been loaded may provide the game according to selections made by aplayer and indicated via the player's EUD. In other examples, code forexecuting at least some of the games may initially be stored on one ormore of the servers 465 a. Although only one gaming data center 445 isshown in FIG. 4, some implementations may include multiple gaming datacenters 445.

In this example, a financial institution data center 420 is alsoconfigured for communication via the networks 417. Here, the financialinstitution data center 420 includes servers 465 b, storage devices 460b, and one or more workstations 470 b. According to this example, thefinancial institution data center 420 is configured to maintainfinancial accounts, such as checking accounts, savings accounts, loanaccounts, etc. In some implementations one or more of the authorizedusers 430 a-430 c may maintain at least one financial account with thefinancial institution that is serviced via the financial institutiondata center 420.

According to some implementations, the gaming data center 445 may beconfigured to provide online wagering games in which money may be won orlost. According to some such implementations, one or more of the servers465 a may be configured to monitor player credit balances, which may beexpressed in game credits, in currency units, or in any otherappropriate manner. In some implementations, the server(s) 465 a may beconfigured to obtain financial credits from and/or provide financialcredits to one or more financial institutions, according to a player's“cash in” selections, wagering game results and a player's “cash out”instructions. According to some such implementations, the server(s) 465a may be configured to electronically credit or debit the account of aplayer that is maintained by a financial institution, e.g., an accountthat is maintained via the financial institution data center 420. Theserver(s) 465 a may, in some examples, be configured to maintain anaudit record of such transactions.

In some alternative implementations, the gaming data center 445 may beconfigured to provide online wagering games for which credits may not beexchanged for cash or the equivalent. In some such examples, players maypurchase game credits for online game play, but may not “cash out” formonetary credit after a gaming session. Moreover, although the financialinstitution data center 420 and the gaming data center 445 include theirown servers and storage devices in this example, in some examples thefinancial institution data center 420 and/or the gaming data center 445may use offsite “cloud-based” servers and/or storage devices. In somealternative examples, the financial institution data center 420 and/orthe gaming data center 445 may rely entirely on cloud-based servers.

One or more types of devices in the gaming data center 445 (orelsewhere) may be capable of executing middleware, e.g., for datamanagement and/or device communication. Authentication information,player tracking information, etc., including but not limited toinformation obtained by EUDs 400 and/or other information regardingauthorized users of EUDs 400 (including but not limited to theauthorized users 430 a-430 c), may be stored on storage devices 460and/or servers 465. Other game-related information and/or software, suchas information and/or software relating to leaderboards, playerscurrently playing a game, game themes, game-related promotions, gamecompetitions, etc., also may be stored on storage devices 460 and/orservers 465. In some implementations, some such game-related softwaremay be available as “apps” and may be downloadable (e.g., from thegaming data center 445) by authorized users.

In some examples, authorized users and/or entities (such asrepresentatives of gaming regulatory authorities) may obtaingaming-related information via the gaming data center 445. One or moreother devices (such EUDs 400 or devices of the gaming data center 445)may act as intermediaries for such data feeds. Such devices may, forexample, be capable of applying data filtering algorithms, executingdata summary and/or analysis software, etc. In some implementations,data filtering, summary and/or analysis software may be available as“apps” and downloadable by authorized users.

Particularly in the context of wager-based gaming, it is important tomake a record of each gambling game. As used herein, the term “gamehistory” may be used to refer to such a record. A data structure thatincludes the game history may be referred to herein as a game historydata structure. Making and maintaining a game history data structuremay, in some instances, be required by regulatory authorities. Forexample, some regulatory authorities require the game history for a VLTto be maintained in order to verify that free games are meteredindependently of the base game, such that the VLT does not accumulateany free game wins with a base game win, which might potentially exceedthe regulatory maximum win per game.

A game history data structure also may be useful in the context ofplayer disputes. For example, if a player disputes some aspect of thegame results, a casino attendant may access the game history datastructure in order to replay a game and verify the results. Priormethods of creating and accessing game history data structures known tothe present inventors have required a replay of an entire game round,including the base game and any intervening feature games, in order toreplay a disputed feature game such as a disputed free game.

Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosurecan be implemented to realize one or more of the following potentialadvantages. In some implementations, an individual free game may bereplayed without replaying the base game or any intervening free games.Some disclosed methods may involve receiving user input corresponding toa request for replay of the gambling game that includes a game roundindication pertaining to an individual free game from within a featuregame comprising a plurality of free games. The method may involvequerying a game history data structure and retrieving game roundmetadata corresponding to the individual free game. The method mayinvolve controlling a display to provide a sequence of imagescorresponding to the game round metadata. The sequence of images maycorrespond to a replay of the individual free game.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram that shows blocks of an apparatus according toone example. According to some examples, the apparatus 500 may be, ormay include, a gaming device. In some examples, the apparatus 500 may bean EGM such as those described above with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.However, in alternative examples, the apparatus 500 may be a mobiledevice such as described above with reference to FIG. 3 or an EUD asdescribed above with reference to FIG. 4.

In this example, the apparatus 500 includes a display system 505 and acontrol system 510 that is configured to communicate with the displaysystem 505. In this example, the control system 510 is configured tocommunicate with the display system 505 via wired communication, e.g.,via electrical signals. In alternative implementations, the controlsystem 510 may be configured to communicate with the display system 505via wireless communication. Accordingly, at least a portion of thecontrol system 510 may be coupled to the display system 505. As usedherein, the term “coupled to” has a meaning that could include beingphysically coupled for wired communication or being configured forwireless communication.

The control system 510 may include one or more general purpose single-or multi-chip processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates ortransistor logic, discrete hardware components, or combinations thereof.Although the interface system 515 is shown as being separate from thecontrol system 510, in some implementations the interface system 515 maybe part of the control system 510. In some implementations, theinterface system 515 may include the entire control system 510. Thecontrol system 510 also may include (and/or be configured forcommunication with) one or more memory devices, such as one or morerandom access memory (RAM) devices, read-only memory (ROM) devicesand/or other types of non-transitory media. In some implementations, atleast a portion of the control system 510 may be implemented as aregister. Accordingly, the apparatus 500 may have a memory system thatincludes one or more memory devices, though the memory system is notshown in FIG. 5.

The control system 510 may be capable of performing, at least in part,the methods disclosed herein. In some examples, the control system 510may be capable of performing at least some of the methods describedherein according to instructions (e.g., software) stored onnon-transitory media. For example, the control system 510 may beconfigured for controlling the display system 505 and/or for receivingand processing data from at least a portion of the display system 505,e.g., as described below.

The display system 505 may include, one or more liquid crystal displays(LCDs), plasma displays, light-emitting diode (LED) displays, microLEDdisplays or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. According tosome implementations, the display system 505 may include at least oneflexible display, such as a flexible OLED. Although shown as separatecomponents in FIG. 5, the display system 505 may, in some examples,include at least a portion of the control system 510. For example, thedisplay system 505 may include one or more processors, microprocessors,programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic, etc.

In the example shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus 500 includes an interfacesystem 515. In some examples, the interface system may include awireless interface system. In some implementations, the interface system515 may include a network interface, an interface between the controlsystem 510 and the display system 505, an interface between the controlsystem 510 and a memory system and/or an interface between the controlsystem 510 and an external device interface (e.g., a port or anapplications processor). In some examples, the interface system 515 mayinclude one or more user interfaces, such as a touch screen, one or morebuttons, a gesture recognition system, a voice recognition system, etc.

According to some implementations, the apparatus 500 may be a singledevice, whereas in other implementations the apparatus 500 may be asystem that includes more than one device. Accordingly, the terms“apparatus” and “system” may sometimes be used interchangeably herein.In other examples, the apparatus 500 may be a component of anotherdevice. For example, in some implementations at least a portion of thedisplay system 505 and/or the control system 510 may be included in morethan one apparatus. For example, in some implementations at least partof the control system 510 may reside in a server, such as a centraldetermination server, a server that tracks feature award credits, etc.Some implementations of the apparatus 500 may not include a displaysystem. In some such implementations, the control system 510 may beconfigured for controlling the display system of another device.

FIG. 6 is a flow diagram that shows blocks of a method according to oneexample. In some examples method 600 may be performed, at least in part,by an apparatus such as that described above with reference to FIG. 5.In some examples, the method 600 may be performed by a control system(e.g., the control system 510 of FIG. 5) according to software storedupon one or more non-transitory storage media. As with other methodsdescribed herein, the number and sequence of blocks shown in FIG. 6 aremerely examples. Similar disclosed methods may include more or fewerblocks. Moreover, at least some of the blocks may occur in a differentsequence than the sequence that is shown in a flow diagram.

According to this example, block 605 involves receiving user inputcorresponding to a request for replay of a gambling game. In thisexample, the request includes a game round indication pertaining to anindividual free game from within a feature game comprising a pluralityof free games. According to this implementation, the user input isreceived by a control system, via a user interface. For example, theuser input may be received by the control system 510 of FIG. 5, via auser interface of the interface system 515.

In some examples, the game round indication may include a base gameindication and a feature game indication. The feature game indicationmay, for example, be a free game indication, a bonus game indication,etc.

In this example, block 610 involves querying, by the control system, agame history data structure. In some examples, block 610 may involvequerying a local game history data structure that is stored on a memorydevice of the same apparatus that includes the control system. Accordingto some such examples, block 610 may involve querying a memory device ofthe control system. However, in other implementations block 610 mayinvolve querying a game history data structure that is stored on amemory device of a different apparatus. In some such implementations,block 610 may involve querying a memory device of a gaming data center,which in some examples may be similar to the gaming data center 445 thatis described above with reference to FIG. 4.

Some examples of game history data structures are provided herein anddescribed below. In some examples, the game history data structureincludes game round metadata and game round index markers. According tosome implementations, the game round index markers may include free gameindex markers for individual free games of the plurality of free games.The game round metadata may, for example, correspond with RNG values,user input (which may include but is not limited to button presses,credits received, wagers, etc.), intermediate game results, final gameresults and potentially other events that were recorded during a gameround.

According to this example, the querying process of block 610 is basedupon the request that is received in block 605. For example, queryingthe game history data structure may involve searching for a free gameindex marker corresponding to the individual free game indicated in therequest. Some implementations of the method 600 may involve retrieving agame history data structure from a memory and making a copy of the gamehistory data structure. According to some such implementations, thequerying process of block 610 may involve querying the copy of the gamehistory data structure.

In the example shown in FIG. 6, block 615 involves retrieving, by thecontrol system, game round metadata corresponding to the individual freegame of the request received in block 605. For example, block 615 mayinvolve retrieving the game round metadata from the game history datastructure, or from a copy of the game history data structure.

According to this example, block 620 involves controlling a display toprovide a sequence of images corresponding to the game round metadata.For example, block 620 may involve controlling a display to present asequence of images that corresponds to a replay of at least a portion ofthe individual free game of the request received in block 605.

According to some implementations, block 620 may involve a controlsystem of an apparatus controlling a display of the same apparatus topresent a sequence of images that corresponds to a replay of at least aportion of a game. In some such implementations, block 620 may involve acontrol system of a gaming device, such as an EGM, controlling a displayof the same gaming device to present a sequence of images thatcorresponds to a replay of at least a portion of the game.

In other such implementations, block 620 may involve a control system ofan EUD, such as a portable EUD (e.g., a tablet, a phablet, a laptop,etc.), controlling a display of the same EUD to present a sequence ofimages that corresponds to a replay of at least a portion of a game. TheEUD may, for example, be an EUD that is used by a casino employee. Thecasino employee may be responsible for resolving casino patron disputes.

However, in other implementations block 620 may involve a control systemof an apparatus controlling a display of a different apparatus topresent a sequence of images that corresponds to a replay of at least aportion of a game. According to some such implementations, a controlsystem of an EUD may control a display of a gaming device to present asequence of images that corresponds to a replay of at least a portion ofthe game. The control system of the EUD may communicate with the gamingdevice via a wired or a wireless interface.

In some implementations, method 600 may involve finding a free gameindex marker corresponding to the individual free game and setting arender property corresponding to the individual free game to “true.” Forexample, the querying process of block 610 may involve finding the freegame index marker in the game history data structure, or from a copy ofthe game history data structure, and setting the render propertycorresponding to the individual free game to “true.” In some examples,method 600 may involve finding the free game index marker in a copy ofthe game history data structure and deleting portions of the gamehistory data structure corresponding to times subsequent to theindividual free game.

In some implementations, method 600 may involve not finding a free gameindex marker corresponding to the individual free game of the requestreceived in block 605. According to some such implementations, the lastfree game of the game history data structure may not have acorresponding free game index marker. In such instances, if the requestreceived in block 605 is for the last free game of the game history datastructure, no free game index marker corresponding to the individualfree game of the request will be found. According to some suchinstances, method 600 may involve adding a free game index marker to thegame history data structure corresponding to the individual free game.Such examples may involve setting a render property corresponding to theindividual free game to “true.”

In some implementations, method 600 may involve fast forwarding throughthe game history data structure to a point at which the next free gameindex marker has a render property set to true and stopping the fastforwarding process at that point. In some examples, the fast forwardingprocess may be part of block 615. Method 600 may involve enablingrendering to the display and replaying the individual free game at anormal game speed. The “normal game speed” may be the speed at which theindividual free game was presented to a player during the game roundcorresponding to the game history data structure. In some examples, theprocess of replaying the individual free game may be part of block 620.

FIG. 7 shows an example of a graphical user interface (GUI) that may beused to access game history. The GUI 700 may, for example, be displayedon a display of the display system 505 of the apparatus 500 that isshown in FIG. 5. In some examples, the apparatus 500 may be a gamingdevice, such as a VLT or another type of electronic gaming machine. Inalternative examples, the GUI 700 may be displayed on a display of anEUD, such as one of the types of EUDs that are described above withreference to FIG. 4.

The GUI 700 may, for example, be controlled by a control system (such asthe control system 510) according to user input. In this example, theuser input may be received via a sensor system, such as a touch sensorsystem and/or gesture sensor system, which overlies or underlies thedisplay on which the GUI 700 is presented.

According to this example, the GUI 700 is one of many GUIs that may bepresented by interacting with the operator menu 705. In this example,after receiving an indication of a touch in the game history area 710 ofthe operator menu 705 (e.g., a touch from a casino worker who isresponsible for managing customer disputes), the control system controlsthe display to present the game history menu 715.

In this implementation, the game history menu 715 includes variousnavigation buttons 720 with which a user may interact in order to scrollthrough the game history. According to this example, the game historymenu 715 is displaying multiple rows. Each row corresponds to adifferent time. The earliest event, which is a “bill in” event, is shownat the bottom. The time sequence of games or events proceeds from bottomto top.

According to this example, each row above the “bill in” eventcorresponds to a game. In some implementations, each game has acorresponding data block or “trace” in a game history data structure.

In this example, the number in the “#” column indicates a game round.Game rounds 1 and 2 only include a base game, which may be determined byeither of the following indications: (1) there is only a single game ineach game round and (2) each game round required a wager.

However, in this example game round 3 includes a base game (NO. 3/11)and at least 8 feature games (NO. 4/11-NO. 11/11). In this example, thefeature games are free games. According to this implementation, the GUI700 allows the user to replay any of the game instances indicated in thegame history menu 715 by selecting one of the rows corresponding to agame and then selecting the replay button 725. In this example, the GUI700 is highlighting the third free game of game round 3. A user may, forexample, have touched an area of the GUI 700 corresponding to the rowcorresponding to the third free game of game round 3.

FIG. 8 shows an example of an image that may be displayed as part of areplay of a wagering game instance. In this example, the image 800 isbeing displayed on the same gaming device on which the original wageringgame instance was presented, e.g., on the same VLT or other type ofelectronic gaming machine. In alternative examples, the image 800 may bedisplayed on a display of another gaming device. In some such examples,the image 800 may be displayed on an EUD, such as one of the types ofEUDs that are described above with reference to FIG. 4. According tosome examples, the GUI 700 may be displayed on an EUD and the image 800may be displayed on a display of another device, e.g., on a VLT oranother type of electronic gaming machine.

In this example, the image 800 corresponds to an instance of a BuffaloStampede™ slot game provided by Aristocrat Technologies Australia PtyLimited. According to this example, the image 800 corresponds with theoutcome of the third free game of game round 3 that is indicated in FIG.7. The image 800 may, for example, have been presented after a usertouched an area of the GUI 700 corresponding to the row indicating thethird free game of game round 3 and then touched the replay button 725.A control system may have received the type of input referenced in block605 and described above with reference to FIG. 6. In response, thecontrol system may have performed the operations of blocks 610-620 ofFIG. 6. The image 800 may, for example, correspond with the last imagein the series of images that are presented in block 620 of FIG. 6.

By comparing the row corresponding with the third free game of gameround 3 that is indicated in FIG. 7 with the image 800, one may notethat both indicate a credit of $22.80 at the end of the game (comparethe “End Cash” amount in FIG. 7 with the bank field 805 of FIG. 8).Moreover, both the GUI 700 and the image 800 indicate a win of $0.00(compare the “Cash Won” amount in FIG. 7 with the win field 810 of FIG.8).

FIG. 9 shows an example of a game history data structure. In thisexample, the game history data structure 900 a includes base 64-encodedtext. As such, it is difficult for a human to extract any usefulinformation from the game history data structure 900 a.

FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C show an example of a decoded version of the gamehistory data structure shown in FIG. 9. In this example, FIGS. 10A, 10Band 10C show a binary to hex/ASCII decode of the game history datastructure shown in FIG. 9. After decoding, it is possible for a human toextract at least some useful information from the game history datastructure 900 b. For example, the ASCII data field 1005 of FIG. 10Aindicates that the underlying game is a Buffalo Stampede™ slot game andthat the game history data structure 900 b was encoded by a softwaremodule named Trace Engine (TREngine). In this implementation, the hexdata field 1010 includes game configuration information, including gamelanguage information, replay state information, bet information and reelstop information. The bet information and reel stop information, whichcorrespond to a base game instance, are examples of game round metadata.

According to this example, row 000002D0 of the hex data field 1010corresponds to a base game instance (see “BaseGameSpin” in thecorresponding row of the ASCII data field 1005) and includes metadatacorresponding to the base game, which may be used to replay the basegame. This metadata continues in subsequent rows of the hex data field1010.

In this example, the “FreeSpin0” text that begins in the row of theASCII data field 1005 that corresponds to row 00000380 of the hex datafield 1010 corresponds to the beginning of several free game instances,the text and metadata for which continue on FIGS. 10A and 10B. Thecorresponding rows of the hex data field 1010 include metadatacorresponding to each of these individual free game instances, which maybe used to replay each individual free game instance.

FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C also show examples of free game index markers forthese free game instances. According to these examples, free game indexmarkers correspond with the hex string “B7 09 DB 84.” These free gameindex markers are outlined in rectangles in FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C. Inthis example, the hex string corresponding with the free game indexmarkers was formed by applying a hash function to the text“RecoveryMarker.”

In some implementations, software modules that may be referred to hereinas the “platform” and the “game” run in different processes. Theplatform controls peripheral devices, storage and some aspects ofpresenting the game. In some such implementations there is a “host”software module for the game, which may be referred to as the “runtime.”The runtime is a separate process that is responsible for bootstrappingthe game. According to some implementations, there is an inter-gameprocess communication (IPC) channel for communication between theplatform and the game, so that data can be exchanged back and forthbetween the game and the platform. According to some such examples, thegame creates the game history data structure and passes the game historydata structure to the platform to be stored or “persisted.”

According to some examples, the platform loads the game and sets eithera normal or a replay state. In some such examples, during normal gameplay the Trace Engine software module is started and is set up to recordwhat may be referred to herein as “traces” or “trace events.” During agame round, trace events may be created and stored. These trace eventsmay become the main components of the game history data structure.

According to some implementations, the game history data structure mayinclude traces corresponding to the following events: MouseClickEvent;MouseMoveEvent; ButtonClickEvent; GameRoundEvent; GameRoundlnvokeEvent;BalanceUpdateEvent; BetUpdateEvent; GameConfigValueChangeEvent;GameConfigAttributeChangeEvent; InitConfigValueEvent;PersistedDataBlobEvent; JackpotTriggerEvent; and RecoveryMarker.

In some such implementations, the game history data structure may becreated using a structure such as the following:

[4bytes]=game history data structure header

[4bytes]=game history data structure version

[string]=engine name

[4bytes]=hash(<EventName>)

[N bytes . . . ]=Event Data

Other implementations may use a different data structure, a differentnumber of bytes, etc. The EventName may, for example, include one ormore of the events listed in the preceding paragraph. One such event maybe constructed as follows:

Event 1)

[4bytes]=hash<MouseClickEvent>

[4bytes]=x

[4bytes]=y

[4bytes]=ButtonId

[4bytes]=ButtonState

[4bytes]=DisplayId

[4bytes]=HitType

[N bytes string]=TraceId

Another such event may be constructed as follows:

Event 2)

[4bytes]=hash<GameRoundEvent>

Another such event may be constructed as follows:

Event 3)

[4bytes]=hash<RecoveryMarker>

FIG. 11 is a flow diagram that shows blocks of a method according toanother example. In some examples method 1100 may be performed, at leastin part, by an apparatus such as that described above with reference toFIG. 5. In some instances method 1100 may be performed, at least inpart, by a gaming device, such as any of gaming devices 104A-104X ofFIG. 1, gaming device 200 of FIG. 2, one of the mobile gaming devices315 of FIG. 3 or one of the EUDs 400 of FIG. 4. In some examples, themethod 1100 may be performed by a control system (e.g., the controlsystem 510 of FIG. 5) according to software stored upon one or morenon-transitory storage media. As with other methods described herein,the number and sequence of blocks shown in FIG. 11 are merely examples.Similar disclosed methods may include more or fewer blocks. Moreover, atleast some of the blocks may occur in a different sequence than thesequence that is shown in a flow diagram.

According to this example, block 1105 involves receiving user inputcorresponding to a request for play of a gambling game. Block 1105 may,for example, involve the receipt of an indication that a “play” buttonhas been pressed. In this example, block 1110 involves determiningwhether the request received in block 1105 was a valid request. Block1110 may, for example, involve determining whether a credit balance issufficient for play of one instance of a base game at an indicated wagerlevel. If it is determined in block 1110 that the request is not valid,the process ends in block 1115 in this example. Block 1115 may involvecontrolling a gaming device to provide a prompt to remedy the underlyingcause of the “not valid” determination.

However, if it is determined in block 1110 that the request is valid,the process continues to block 1120 in this example. In thisimplementation, block 1120 involves determining whether the game is abase game. If so, the base game is presented on the gaming device and atrace is added in block 1125. The trace may include sufficient base gamedata and metadata to make a record of the base game and to provide areplay of the base game, such as RNG data, starting credits, creditswagered, credits won, ending credits, slot symbol or other game outcomepresentation data, etc.

According to this example, block 1130 involves determining whether gameplay will continue. Block 1130 may, for example, involve processessimilar to those of block 1105 and 1110, but may also involvedetermining whether user input indicating a “cash out” or the like hasbeen received. If it is determined in block 1130 that game play will notcontinue, the process continues to block 1135, in which game play ends.A game history data structure that includes traces for all games playedmay be stored.

However, if it is determined in block 1130 that game play will continue,the process reverts to 1120. If it is determined in block 1120 that thenext game will be a base game, the base game is presented on the gamingdevice and a trace is added in block 1125. If it is determined in block1120 that the next game will not be a base game, a “sub game” (which maybe a feature game, such as a free game) is presented on the gamingdevice and a trace and a marker is added in block 1145. In some suchexamples, an event of type “Recovery-Marker” is created at the beginningof every sub game instance. According to some such implementations, theevents stored by the trace engine are converted to a stream of bytes andforwarded to the platform for storage. After the sub game is presented,the process continues to block 1130 in this example. Method 1100 maycontinue until block 1115, block 1150 or block 1135 is reached.

According to some examples, during replay mode the platform may providea stream of bytes that includes the game history data structure and areplay index as parameters to the game. In some instances, the stream ofbytes may be converted to a collection of trace events. The trace enginemay be started and set up to replay trace events.

The trace engine may be configured to search for a marker (e.g., anevent of type Recovery-Marker) that matches the game round index that auser has selected to replay. According to some examples, the game roundindex 0 may be used for the base round, 1 may correspond to the firstsub round, etc. Other examples may use other numbering schemes.

In some implementations, if a Recovery Marker is not found, one may beadded to the end of the game history data structure. In some instances,all events after the Recovery Marker will be deleted.

The Recovery Marker may, in some instances, contain a “render state”field that may be used to signal that the game should render to adisplay. In some examples the Recovery Marker may contain a pause statefield that may be used to indicate that the replay of the game should bepaused.

According to some examples, events stored by the trace engine may beexecuted one by one, recreating the game round progress. In some suchexamples, at the start of an event the software module will look aheadand determine the next event type. If the next event type is a RecoveryMarker, the pause and render states will be executed. This sequence ofoperations results in the game round being presented on screen. In otherimplementations, such as those described above, only an individual gameinstance, such as an individual free game instance, may be selected andreplayed.

While the invention has been described with respect to the figures, itwill be appreciated that many modifications and changes may be made bythose skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of theinvention. Any variation and derivation from the above description andfigures are included in the scope of the present invention as defined bythe claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A gaming device, comprising: an interface systemcomprising a user interface; a display system comprising at least onedisplay device; a memory system configured for storing a game historydata structure; and a control system configured for: controlling thedisplay system to provide a sequence of images corresponding to a roundof a base game; storing a first trace corresponding to the round of thebase game to a game history data structure; determining that the roundof the base game triggers a sub game; controlling the display system toprovide a sequence of images corresponding to a round of a plurality ofrounds of the sub game; and storing a second trace and a markercorresponding to the round of the sub game to the game history datastructure, wherein: the first trace corresponding to the round of thebase game that triggers the sub game is the same as the second trace,and both the second trace and the marker together enable indexing to,retrieving, and displaying to a user a particular instance of aplurality of instances of the sub game.
 2. The gaming device of claim 1,wherein the control system is further configured for storing a secondtrace event corresponding to an event within a round of a sub game. 3.The gaming device of claim 2, wherein the event corresponding to thesecond trace event includes one of a mouse click, a mouse move, a buttonclick, a game round invoke, a balance update, a bet update, a gameconfiguration value change, a game configuration attribute change, aninitial configure, and a jackpot trigger.
 4. The gaming device of claim1, wherein the first trace comprises base game data and metadata thatmake a record of the base game and provide a replay of the base game. 5.The gaming device of claim 4, wherein the metadata includes at least oneof RNG values, user presses, starting credits, credits wagered, creditswon, ending credits, game results, slot symbol data, reel stopinformation, and other game outcome presentation data.
 6. The gamingdevice of claim 1, wherein the sub game comprises a feature game or afree game.
 7. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein the control systemis further configured for: receiving, via the user interface, user inputcorresponding to a request for replay of the particular instance of theplurality of instances of the sub game, the request comprising a gameround indication pertaining to the particular instance of the pluralityof instances of the sub game; and displaying, in response to receivingthe request for replay of the particular instance of the plurality ofinstances of the sub game, the particular instance of the plurality ofinstances of the sub game.
 8. The gaming device of claim 1, wherein themarker comprises a render state field indicating that an instance of thesub game should render to a display.
 9. A method comprising:controlling, via a control system, a display system having at least onedisplay device to provide a sequence of images corresponding to a roundof a base game; storing, via the control system to a memory systemconfigured for storing a game history data structure, a first tracecorresponding to the round of the base game to the game history datastructure; determining, via the control system, that the round of thebase game triggers a sub game; controlling, via the control system, thedisplay system to provide a sequence of images corresponding to a roundof a plurality of rounds of the sub game; and storing, via the controlsystem, a second trace and a marker corresponding to the round of thesub game to the game history data structure, wherein: the first tracecorresponding to the round of the base game that triggers the sub gameis the same as the second trace, and both the second trace and themarker together enable indexing to, retrieving, and displaying to a usera particular instance of a plurality of instances of the sub game. 10.The method of claim 9, further comprising storing, via the controlsystem, a second trace event corresponding to an event within a round ofa sub game.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the event correspondingto the second trace event includes one of a mouse click, a mouse move, abutton click, a game round invoke, a balance update, a bet update, agame configuration value change, a game configuration attribute change,an initial configure, and a jackpot trigger.
 12. The method of claim 9,wherein the first trace comprises base game data and metadata that makea record of the base game and provide a replay of the base game.
 13. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising: receiving, via an interfacesystem having a user interface, user input corresponding to a requestfor replay of the particular instance of the plurality of instances ofthe sub game, the request comprising a game round indication pertainingto the particular instance of the plurality of instances of the subgame; and displaying, via the display system and in response toreceiving the request for replay of the particular instance of theplurality of instances of the sub game, the particular instance of theplurality of instances of the sub game.
 14. The method of claim 9,wherein the marker comprises a render state field indicating that aninstance of the sub game should render to a display.
 15. One or morenon-transitory media having software stored thereon, the softwareincluding instructions for controlling one or more devices to perform amethod of recording gambling game events for replay, the methodcomprising: controlling, via a control system, a display system havingat least one display device to provide a sequence of imagescorresponding to a round of a base game; storing, via the control systemto a memory system configured for storing a game history data structure,a first trace corresponding to the round of the base game to the gamehistory data structure; determining, via the control system, that theround of the base game triggers a sub game; controlling, via the controlsystem, the display system to provide a sequence of images correspondingto a round of a plurality of rounds of the sub game; and storing, viathe control system, a second trace and a marker corresponding to theround of the sub game to the game history data structure, wherein: thefirst trace corresponding to the round of the base game that triggersthe sub game is the same as the second trace, and both the second traceand the marker together enable indexing to, retrieving, and displayingto a user a particular instance of a plurality of instances of the subgame.
 16. The one or more non-transitory media of claim 15, wherein themethod further comprises storing, via the control system, a second traceevent corresponding to an event within a round of a sub game.
 17. Theone or more non-transitory media of claim 16, wherein the eventcorresponding to the second trace event includes one of a mouse click, amouse move, a button click, a game round invoke, a balance update, a betupdate, a game configuration value change, a game configurationattribute change, an initial configure, and a jackpot trigger.
 18. Theone or more non-transitory media of claim 15, wherein the first tracecomprises base game data and metadata that make a record of the basegame and provide a replay of the base game.
 19. The one or morenon-transitory media of claim 15, wherein the method further comprises:receiving, via an interface system having a user interface, user inputcorresponding to a request for replay of the particular instance of theplurality of instances of the sub game, the request comprising a gameround indication pertaining to the particular instance of the pluralityof instances of the sub game; and displaying, via the display system andin response to receiving the request for replay of the particularinstance of the plurality of instances of the sub game, the particularinstance of the plurality of instances of the sub game.
 20. The one ormore non-transitory media of claim 15, wherein the marker comprises arender state field indicating that an instance of the sub game shouldrender to a display.